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✅ CompTIA+ 18.1.9 Lab – Explore SQL Injection Flaws 📌 Lab Purpose This lab teaches you how SQL Injection works, how to exploit unsafe web forms, and which security misconfigurations enable it. You will use a vulnerable website to: Test user login bypass Extract hidden database data Observe insecure coding Recommend mitigations 🧪 PART 1 — Test an Authentication Bypass Using SQL Injection Scenario: You are given a website with a Login form connected to a SQL database. The form is not sanitizing inputs, so SQL injection is possible. Task: Bypass the login page using SQL injection. Expected Input: In the username field, enter: ' OR '1'='1 Leave the password blank. Why this works: The backend query becomes: SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='' OR '1'='1' AND password=''; '1'='1' is always TRUE → login succeeds. 👉 Lab Result: You get logged in without valid credentials. 🧪 PART 2 — Extract Hidden Data Using SQL Injection Scenario: You now access a search box or product filter field that concatenates user input directly into SQL. Task: Retrieve data from the database with a union-based injection. Example injection: ' UNION SELECT username, password FROM users -- The -- comments out the remaining query. Lab Expected Output: You will see a list showing (examples): admin testuser encrypted or plaintext passwords 🧪 PART 3 — Identify SQL Injection Vulnerabilities in Code The lab usually shows you a PHP or ASP.NET snippet similar to: $query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username='" . $_POST['user'] . "' AND password='" . $_POST['pass'] . "'"; 🔎 What’s wrong? No parameterized queries No input validation Direct string concatenation SQL error messages exposed to user 🧪 PART 4 — Recommend Mitigations You must identify the correct secure practices: ✔ Use Prepared Statements / Parameterized Queries Examples: PHP (PDO): $stmt = $db->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=? AND password=?"); $stmt->execute([$user, $pass]); C#/.NET: cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=@user AND password=@pass"; cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@user", user); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@pass", pass); ✔ Use Input Validation / Whitelisting Reject unexpected characters (', ", --, ;, etc.) ✔ Use Stored Procedures Move SQL logic to the database. ✔ Disable Detailed SQL Errors Show generic “Error occurred,” not SQL error output. ✔ Minimum Privilege Accounts Web app user should not have: DROP table ALTER table INSERT admin users 🧪 PART 5 — Knowledge Check Answers (Typical) Here are the common questions and correct answers from this type of lab. 1. What allowed the SQL injection to succeed? ✔ User input was not sanitized. 2. What SQL technique bypassed the login? ✔ Boolean-based SQL injection (' OR '1'='1) 3. What mitigates SQL injection? (Choose 2 or 3) ✔ Prepared statements ✔ Stored procedures ✔ Input validation 4. Why did UNION SELECT work? ✔ The query returned the same number of columns. 5. Which attack retrieves data from other tables? ✔ Union-based SQL injection #SQLInjection #CyberSecurityLabs #WebSecurity #CompTIAALabs #EthicalHacking

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